"In those days a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be registered." Luke 2:1.Who doesn't know those words? Even the "un-churched" knows those words, which begin the Christmas story. I've heard them all my life. However, I am looking at them now from a completely new perspective. I know I've been writing a lot about the merits of learning your history, but it is something that has become so fascinating to me that I just have to share it, especially since my interests have been turning more toward ancient history.
So, just who is Caesar Augustus? We read his name and assume (correctly) that he is the ruler, but just who is he? And how did he get to power? And what was going on in the world at that time? Well, to start with Caesar Augustus started out life as Octavian, the great-nephew and later on adopted son of Julius Caesar. Yes, that Julius Caesar. The great dictator for life of the Roman Empire. We learned last time that Julius Caesar was assassinated on March 15 by his "friends" (et tu, Brute'?), and his will stated that Octavian would be his heir. However, Octavian was young and not that powerful, so Mark Antony (former high official of Caesar) and Lepidus (another high official) formed the Second Triumverate. The First Triumverate was none other than Julius Caesar, Crassus (who was killed in battle), and Pompey (who got his head chopped off and handed to Caesar in Egypt). So, with the other two out of the way, the First Triumverate became a dictatorship. The Second Triumverate wasn't all that successful, either. Octavian and Mark Antony have a show down and Octavian wins, resulting in the suicide of Mark Antony and his lover the famous (or infamous) Cleopatra. The winner took all and Octavian became.... drum roll please.... Caesar Augustus.
Most of this information I'm getting from the book "Cleopatra" by Michael Grant. It's a fascinating book, although sometimes he gives too much information. Not gory information, but rather stuff like... I don't need to know every last bit about the cult of Dionysus, and.... is it really that important that Mark Antony's wife Fulvia may or may not have her likeness on a coin from some outpost of the Roman Empire. But, some things were really interesting. For example, I didn't realize that there was a pretty good sized Jewish contingency in Egypt at that time (I thought they just all left with Moses, didn't realize some of them came back!), so when Scripture tells us how Joseph took Mary and Jesus to Egypt to get away from Herod (who I also learned about) we can assume they probably joined an already established Jewish community, possibly with some distant relatives. They didn't just set up camp under a pyramid like I always imagined. So, reading about this and the politics of the middle east, the power grabs, the jockeying for control and there sits Judea right smack dab in the middle of it, really gives a greater context for understanding what the world was like when Jesus was born.